Review of published or informal reports of vaccine efficacy (with a 95% CI) in observational or in randomised studies (appendix pp 3–4) that gave results both for severe disease and for any infection. Plotted are inverse-variance-weighted means (and 95% CIs) of the reported vaccine efficacy (giving the number of studies contributing to that mean), subdivided by (A) Vaccine efficacy against any infection (50% to <80%, 80% to <90%, ≥90%). (B) Viral variant. (C) Type of vaccine (viral vector, inactivated SARS-CoV-2, adjuvanted protein subunit, or mRNA). (D) Studies reporting vaccine efficacy early (more recently relative to vaccination) or later (less recently relative to vaccination) during the follow-up of the same observational study.